25.6 Niphal 3ה Verbs follow the same general principles
To review:
- 3-ה verbs have two root consonants, not three
- 3-ה verbs add a vowel after \(R_2\)
- If the sufformative begins with a vowel, the sufformative vowel goes after \(R_2\)
- NP3cp - NOT *נִבְנָהוּ, but נִבְנוּ
- Ni2fs - NOT *תִּבָּנָהִי, but תִּבָּנִי
- If the sufformative begins with a consonant, (vowel)+Yod goes between \(R_2\) and the sufformative
- NP2ms - NOT *נִבְנָהתָ, but נִבְנֵ֫יתַ (Tsere+Yod for Perfect in the PASSIVE stems: Niphal, Pual, Hophal)
- NI3fp - NOT *תִּבָּנָהנָה, but תִּבָּנֶ֫ינָה (Seghol+Yod for Imperfect and IMperative)
- Hireq+Yod for Perfect in the NON-PASSIVE stems: Qal, Piel, Hiphil, Hitpael)
- If NO sufformative or pronominal suffix, add 3-Hei ending after \(R_2\)
- NP3ms נִבְנָה (Qamets-Hei for Perfect)
- QI3ms יִבְנֶה (Seghol+Hei for Imperfect, Participle)
- NI3ms יִבָּנֶה (note the Dagesh Forte in \(R_1\) is how you distinguish from QI3ms)
- NM2ms הִבָּנֵה (Tsere+Hei for Imperative, some Absolute)
- QJ3ms יִ֫בֶן (No ending for Iwc or Jussive)
- Perfect 3fs uses sufformative תָה to distinguish from P3ms
- NP3ms - נִבְנָה
- NP3fs - נִבְנְתָה
Review 3ה endings by Conjugation:
| Conj | Hebrew | Vowel when no sufformative |
|---|---|---|
| P | בָּנָה | Qamets+Hei |
| I | יִבְנֶה | Seghol+Hei |
| M | בְּנֵה | Tsere+Hei |
| ∞ | בְּנוֹת | Holem+Vav Tav |
| A | בָנֹה or בָנוֹ | Holem+Hei or Holem+Vav |
| Pt | בֹּנֶה | Seghol+Hei |