14.10 Qal Perfect Biconsonantal
Biconsonantal have two root consonants, \(R_1\) and \(R_3\) with a vowel-letter in between
- What appears to be \(R_2\) is actually an unchangeable long vowel, Holem+Vav, Shuruq, or Hireq+Yod
- This vowel is called the LEXICAL VOWEL
- It will be important to memorize the Lexical Vowel - in fact, the best approach is to commit the most common biconsonantal verbs to memory
- For example, NOT קִים, NOT קוֹם, BUT קוּם
- The word with the Lexical Vowel is the Lexical Form (the version that is in the dictionary)
- This is an exception to the rule that the Lexical Form = QP3ms
- \(V_S\) and its accent move to \(V_1\) and do not reduce
- \(V_S\) lengthens in 3rd person
- Note: other grammars refer to these as “hollow verbs”
Review the table below, noting \(V_1\) and accent changes:
| PGN | קוּם | Strong |
|---|---|---|
| 3ms | קָם | קָטַל |
| 3fs | קָ֫מָה | קָֽטְלָה |
| 2ms | קַ֫מְתָּ | קָטַ֫לְתָּ |
| 2fs | קַמְתְּ | קָטַלְתְּ |
| 1cs | קַ֫מְתִּי | קָטַ֫לְתִּי |
| 3cp | קָ֫מוּ | קָֽטְלוּ |
| 2mp | קַמְתֶּם | קְטַלְתֶּם |
| 2fp | קַמְתֶּן | קְטַלְתֶּן |
| 1cp | קַ֫מְנוּ | קָטַ֫לְנוּ |
מוּת is Biconsonantal and Stative
- Recognize a Biconsonantal by the accent and missing root consonant
- \(V_S\) and accent moved to \(V_1\)
- With a Tsere-stative, we have a Tsere stem vowel in 3rd person
- In the perfect, מוּת only occurs in 3rd person and 1cp
- Compare מוּת and קוּם in the table below:
| PGN | קוּם | מוֹת |
|---|---|---|
| 3ms | קָם | מֵת |
| 3fs | קָ֫מָה | מֵתָה |
| 3cp | קָ֫מוּ | מֵתוּ |
| 1cp | קַ֫מְנוּ | מַ֫תְנוּ |