24.4 Parsing Clues - \(V_S = A \sim \bar E(A)\)

Memorize the \(Pre\) and the \(V_S\) for each stem, not the entire paradigm!

Niphal: \(V_S = A \sim \bar E(A)\)

• Left of \(\sim\):
  • NP = \(A\)
    • Other stems will have a vowel in brackets, indicating a different \(V_S\) for 1st and 2nd person
  • NPt (and Pt for all derived stems) = the P3ms \(V_S\), lengthened if possible
    • Npt \(V_S = \bar A\)
• Right of \(\sim\):
  • NI/NM/N∞ = \(\bar E\) - יִקָּטֵל
    • (\(A\) for Feminine Plural forms - תִּקָּטַ֫לְנָה)
• Absolute is not listed in the formula because for all derived stems, Absolute \(V_S = \bar E\)
  • Exceptions:
  • \(\hat O\) - always for QA; sometimes for NA - watch for defective spelling \(\hat O \to \bar O\)
  • We don’t need to worry about this because the Niphal absolute only occurs 37 times total
• Participle is the Perfect \(V_S\) lengthened: the Niphal Perfect \(V_S=A\), so Niphal Participal \(V_S = \bar A\)
  • NP3ms = נִקְטַל
  • NptMS = נִקְטָל
• The “sheva before a finite sufformative” rule does not affect the Participle because the participle is not a finite conjugation
  • Thus \(V_2\) does NOT reduce in the NPt, which distinguishes NP 3FS sufformative from the NPt FS ending
  • נִקְטָלָה is NPtfs because \(V_2\) is long
  • נִקְטְלָה is NP3fs because \(V_2\) is reduced